Machismo entre los estudiantes de medicina peruanos: Factores socio-educativos relacionados en 12 universidades peruanas / Male Chauvinism Among Peruvian Medical Students: Related Socio-Educational Factors in 12 Peruvian Universities

RESUMEN Introducción: El machismo está arraigado en ciertas poblaciones, pero no se ha medido esto entre los que se encargarán de la atención de la salud. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados con el machismo entre los estudiantes de Medicina de 12 universidades peruanas. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico de tipo multicéntrico, con datos recogidos previamente, en el que se usaron tests validados para la medición del machismo y la religiosidad; además, se indagaron otras características sociales y educativas y se cruzaron los datos. Se obtuvieron estadísticos descriptivos y analíticos. Resultados: En el análisis multivariable, se encontró asociación entre ser machista y no creyente (RP = 1,88; IC95%, 1,47-2,40), así como ser mujer (RP = 0,35; IC95%, 0,27-0,46). De las 12 universidades evaluadas, la universidad menos machista fue una particular en Lima. Utilizando esta universidad como categoría de comparación, las universidades estadísticamente más machistas fueron una privada de Chiclayo (a=3,63; p < 0,001), seguida de una particular en Huancayo (a=3,20; p = 0,001), la nacional de Huancayo (a = 2,79; p < 0,001) y la pública de Ica (a = 2,32; p = 0,006); los cruces se ajustaron por la edad. Conclusiones: Se encontró que el machismo es mayor entre los no creyentes, los varones y en algunas universidades, con predominio de universidades de la sierra central del Perú o con migrantes de la serranía. Esto es importante, ya que brinda un panorama acerca de este rasgo de los que serán los futuros encargados de velar por la salud de los peruanos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Male chauvinism is rooted in certain populations, but it has not been measured among those who will be responsible for healthcare. Objective: To determine the factors associated with male chauvinism among the medical students of 12 Peruvian universities. Methods: Cross-sectional multicentre analytical study, with previously collected data, which used validated tests to measure male chauvinism and strong religious beliefs. In addition, other social and educational factors were analysed and the data was crossed. Descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained. Results: In the multivariate analysis, we found an association between male chauvinism and religious non-believers (RP=1.88; 95% CI, 1.47-2.40), as well as being female (RP=0.35; 95% CI, 0.27-0.46). Of the 12 universities evaluated, the least chauvinistic university was in Lima. Using this university as a comparison category, the statistically more chauvinistic universities were a private university in Chiclayo (a=3.63; p<0.001), followed by a university in Huancayo (a=3.20; p=0.001), Huancayo national university (a=2.79; p<0.001) and the public university of Ica (a=2.32; p=0.006); the crossed data were adjusted for age. Conclusions: It was found that male chauvinism is greater among non-religious believers, men and in some universities, with a predominance of universities in the central highlands of Peru or that had migrants from the mountains. This is important, since it gives us an overview about this trait in those who will be responsible for the future healthcare of Peruvians.

Male Chauvinism Among Peruvian Medical Students: Related Socio-Educational Factors in 12 Peruvian Universities. / Machismo entre los estudiantes de medicina peruanos: Factores socio-educativos relacionados en 12 universidades peruanas.

INTRODUCTION: Male chauvinism is rooted in certain populations, but it has not been measured among those who will be responsible for healthcare. OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with male chauvinism among the medical students of 12 Peruvian universities. METHODS: Cross-sectional multicentre analytical study, with previously collected data, which used validated tests to measure male chauvinism and strong religious beliefs. In addition, other social and educational factors were analysed and the data was crossed. Descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained. RESULTS: In the multivariate analysis, we found an association between male chauvinism and religious non-believers (RP=1.88; 95% CI, 1.47-2.40), as well as being female (RP=0.35; 95% CI, 0.27-0.46). Of the 12 universities evaluated, the least chauvinistic university was in Lima. Using this university as a comparison category, the statistically more chauvinistic universities were a private university in Chiclayo (α=3.63; p<0.001), followed by a university in Huancayo (α=3.20; p=0.001), Huancayo national university (α=2.79; p<0.001) and the public university of Ica (α=2.32; p=0.006); the crossed data were adjusted for age. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that male chauvinism is greater among non-religious believers, men and in some universities, with a predominance of universities in the central highlands of Peru or that had migrants from the mountains. This is important, since it gives us an overview about this trait in those who will be responsible for the future healthcare of Peruvians.

Comentarios sobre el artículo: "Agentes relacionados a infección de sitio operatorio en adultos mayores pos operados en el Centro Médico Naval, 2013 ­ 2017" / Comments on the article: "Agents related to infection of the operating site in postoperated major adults in the Naval Medical Center, 2013 - 2017"

Tras leer con interés el artículo publicado por Hidalgo et al, referente a los agentes relacionados a infección de sitio operatorio (ISO) en adultos mayores post operados en el centro médico naval entre los años 2013 y 2017; encontramos la consideración de ciertos determinantes de relevancia relacionados al aspecto clínico y quirúrgico. Estos determinantes son útiles, ya que pueden ser tomados como referencia en trabajos de investigación a futuro. Sin embargo, nos gustaría enfatizar la necesidad de incorporar algunas otras variables de relevancia como posibles determinantes a controlar, como lo son las relacionadas al estado nutricional, en específico los niveles de hemoglobina y albumina pre operatoria, ya que en nuestro país este tipo de patologías son habituales.La ISO es una de las complicaciones más mortales y costosas en diferentes países, llegando hasta a incrementar la mortalidad de 2 a 11 veces y, aumentando el costo hasta 14,2 millones de dólares en cirugías. En el Perú, de 15 000 infecciones intrahospitalarias, el 30,9% son de sitio operatorio. Es importante conocer los detalles de este tema debido a que constituye un problema social y económico altamente reversible

After reading this article with interest published by Hidalgo et al regarding agents related to the surgical site infection (SSI) in elderly between the years 2013 and 2017; we found the consideration of certain relevant determinants related to clinical and surgical aspects. These determinants are useful since they are taken as reference in future research work. Nevertheless, we would like to emphasize the necessity to incorporate some other relevant variables as possible determinants to control such as those related to nutritional status specifically hemoglobin and preoperative albumin levels since in our country this kind of pathologies is common. In different countries, SSI is one of the most deadly and costly complications increasing mortality from 2 to 11 times and the cost to 14.2 million dollars in surgeries. In Peru, from 15 000 nosocomial infections, 30, 9 % are from an surgical wound. It is important to know the details of this theme because it contributes to a highly reversible social and economic problem.